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A tan is a darkening of the skin that usually occurs after exposure to sunlight or other sources of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Many people consider tanning a cosmetic change, but from a medical point of view, tanning is actually a protective response of the skin to UV-induced damage . When ultraviolet radiation reaches the skin, specialized cells called melanocytes increase the production of melanin , the pigment responsible for the color of our skin, hair, and eyes. Melanin absorbs some ultraviolet radiation and helps protect skin cells. However, a tan does not mean that the skin is fully protected. Repeated or excessive tanning can contribute to premature skin aging, pigmentation problems, sunburn, and an increased risk of skin cancer. Understanding why tanning occurs and how to prevent excessive UV exposure can help protect your skin in the long term. What Causes Skin Tanning? The most common cause of tanning is exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun . Sunlight contains ...